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ch1-搭建OS实验环境

信息

前提: 已经安装好rust，可以查看macOS安装Rust

Mac安装QEMU(默认新版v8)​

使用brew直接安装qemu，官方下载页面

$ brew install qemu

安装完成之后，控制台输入qemu-按tab键尝试补全命令可以看到如下：

$ qemu-
qemu-edid                 qemu-system-avr           qemu-system-mips          qemu-system-riscv32       qemu-system-tricore     
qemu-img                  qemu-system-cris          qemu-system-mips64        qemu-system-riscv64       qemu-system-x86_64      
qemu-io                   qemu-system-hppa          qemu-system-mips64el      qemu-system-rx            qemu-system-xtensa      
qemu-nbd                  qemu-system-i386          qemu-system-mipsel        qemu-system-s390x         qemu-system-xtensaeb    
qemu-storage-daemon       qemu-system-loongarch64   qemu-system-nios2         qemu-system-sh4                                   
qemu-system-aarch64       qemu-system-m68k          qemu-system-or1k          qemu-system-sh4eb                                 
qemu-system-alpha         qemu-system-microblaze    qemu-system-ppc           qemu-system-sparc                                 
qemu-system-arm           qemu-system-microblazeel  qemu-system-ppc64         qemu-system-sparc64

默认安装的新版本，并且将所支持的平台都安装了，注意：Qemu在Mac只支持system mode不支持user mode，即只能使用 qemu-system-riscv64、 qemu-system-riscv32无法使用 qemu-riscv64、 qemu-riscv32，linux下支持user mode

查看qemu版本

$ qemu-system-riscv64 --version
QEMU emulator version 8.0.4
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

Ubuntu安装QREMU(版本较老v6)​

官方下载页面, 下载的版本较老，v6版本

# 下载system mode程序
sudo apt-get install qemu-system

# 下载user mode程序
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static

查看版本

$ qemu-system-riscv64 --version
QEMU emulator version 6.2.0 (Debian 1:6.2+dfsg-2ubuntu6.15)
Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

$ qemu-riscv64-static --version
qemu-riscv64 version 6.2.0 (Debian 1:6.2+dfsg-2ubuntu6.15)
Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

手动安装QEMUV7版本​

卸载已安装的qemu​

MacOs​

brew uninstall --force qemu

Ubuntu​

sudo apt-get remove qemu-system
sudo apt-get remove qemu-user-static

安装编译QEMU所需的依赖项​

macOs​

brew install automake autoconf libtool glib pkg-config ninja

Ubuntu​

sudo apt install -y autoconf automake autotools-dev curl libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libgmp-dev \
              gawk build-essential bison flex texinfo gperf libtool patchutils bc ninja-build \
              zlib1g-dev libexpat-dev pkg-config  libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev git tmux python3

下载源码包并解压​

wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-7.0.0.tar.xz
# 解压
tar xvJf qemu-7.0.0.tar.xz

配置编译QEMU​

配置QEMU的编译选项

--prefix指定安装路径，--target-list指定要安装的平台，不指定--target-list默认安装所有平台，

# macOs
./configure --prefix=xxx要安装的路径 --target-list=riscv64-softmmu,riscv32-softmmu

# ubuntu
./configure --prefix=/home/ubuntu/opt/Riscv/qemu --target-list=riscv64-linux-user,riscv32-linux-user,riscv64-softmmu,riscv32-softmmu
  • riscv64-softmmu： system mode对应qemu-system-riscv64
  • riscv32-softmmu：system mode对应qemu-system-riscv32
  • riscv64-linux-user：user mode对应qemu-riscv64 (macOs不支持)
  • riscv32-linux-user：user mode对应qemu-riscv32 ` (macOs不支持)

注：MacOs不支持riscv64-linux-user和riscv32-linux-user

编译并安装QEMU：

make -j$(nproc) && make install

配置环境变量

echo 'export QEMU=/home/ubuntu/opt/Riscv/qemu' >> ~/.bashrc && \
echo 'export PATH=$QEMU/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc && \
source ~/.bashrc

验证安装：运行以下命令来验证QEMU是否正确安装

$ qemu-system-riscv64 --version
QEMU emulator version 7.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
$ qemu-riscv64 --version
qemu-riscv64 version 7.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

拉取rCore-Tutorial仓库并运行OS​

# clone 仓库
git clone https://github.com/LearningOS/rCore-Tutorial-Code-2023A
cd rCore-Tutorial-Code-2023A

# ch1中有一个可运行的hello world程序
git checkout ch1

QemuV8替换RustSBI​

rCore-Tutorial-Book中有说明，如果使用的是Qemu8需要使用新RustSBI

下载最新版RustSBI Prereleased 2023-10-27后复制到 bootloader目录下替换同名的rustsbi-qemu.bin 即可，即rCore-Tutorial-Code-2023A/bootloader/rustsbi-qemu.bin

运行os​

cd os
LOG=DEBUG make run

结果如下：

(rustup target list | grep "riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf (installed)") || rustup target add riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf
riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf (installed)
cargo install cargo-binutils
    Updating crates.io index
     Ignored package `cargo-binutils v0.3.6` is already installed, use --force to override
rustup component add rust-src
info: component 'rust-src' is up to date
rustup component add llvm-tools-preview
info: component 'llvm-tools' for target 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu' is up to date
Platform: qemu
    Finished release [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.00s
[rustsbi] RustSBI version 0.3.0-alpha.4, adapting to RISC-V SBI v1.0.0
.______       __    __      _______.___________.  _______..______   __
|   _  \     |  |  |  |    /       |           | /       ||   _  \ |  |
|  |_)  |    |  |  |  |   |   (----`---|  |----`|   (----`|  |_)  ||  |
|      /     |  |  |  |    \   \       |  |      \   \    |   _  < |  |
|  |\  \----.|  `--'  |.----)   |      |  |  .----)   |   |  |_)  ||  |
| _| `._____| \______/ |_______/       |__|  |_______/    |______/ |__|
[rustsbi] Implementation     : RustSBI-QEMU Version 0.2.0-alpha.2
[rustsbi] Platform Name      : riscv-virtio,qemu
[rustsbi] Platform SMP       : 1
[rustsbi] Platform Memory    : 0x80000000..0x88000000
[rustsbi] Boot HART          : 0
[rustsbi] Device Tree Region : 0x87000000..0x87000ef2
[rustsbi] Firmware Address   : 0x80000000
[rustsbi] Supervisor Address : 0x80200000
[rustsbi] pmp01: 0x00000000..0x80000000 (-wr)
[rustsbi] pmp02: 0x80000000..0x80200000 (---)
[rustsbi] pmp03: 0x80200000..0x88000000 (xwr)
[rustsbi] pmp04: 0x88000000..0x00000000 (-wr)
[kernel] Hello, world!
[DEBUG] [kernel] .rodata [0x80202000, 0x80203000)
[ INFO] [kernel] .data [0x80203000, 0x80204000)
[ WARN] [kernel] boot_stack top=bottom=0x80214000, lower_bound=0x80204000
[ERROR] [kernel] .bss [0x80214000, 0x80215000)

需要强制结束Qemu，可以先按下 Ctrl+A ，再按下 X 来退出 Qemu。